this post was submitted on 09 Jun 2025
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In large language model (LLM) pretraining, data quality is believed to determine model quality. In this paper, we re-examine the notion of "quality" from the perspective of pre- and post-training co-design. Specifically, we explore the possibility that pre-training on more toxic data can lead to better control in post-training, ultimately decreasing a model's output toxicity. First, we use a toy experiment to study how data composition affects the geometry of features in the representation space. Next, through controlled experiments with Olmo-1B models trained on varying ratios of clean and toxic data, we find that the concept of toxicity enjoys a less entangled linear representation as the proportion of toxic data increases. Furthermore, we show that although toxic data increases the generational toxicity of the base model, it also makes the toxicity easier to remove. Evaluations on Toxigen and Real Toxicity Prompts demonstrate that models trained on toxic data achieve a better trade-off between reducing generational toxicity and preserving general capabilities when detoxifying techniques such as inference-time intervention (ITI) are applied. Our findings suggest that, with post-training taken into account, bad data may lead to good models.

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[–] jsomae@lemmy.ml 23 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

Headlines should not say "scientists," they should name the institution. (Harvard in this case.)

[–] Unbecredible@lemm.ee 7 points 1 day ago (1 children)

Headlines should not say "Harvard", they should name the researchers. (Rachel Greene in this case.)

I don't know why I had to write this.

[–] jsomae@lemmy.ml 10 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

Who's Rachel Greene? But we all know Harvard and have an idea of their respectability. Name of the researcher if not well-known should be in the body instead.

[–] FiskFisk33@startrek.website 6 points 1 day ago (1 children)

"Harvard scientist Rachel Greene"

Everyone's happy

[–] jsomae@lemmy.ml 1 points 19 hours ago

Headlines have length constraints

[–] Mr_Dr_Oink@lemmy.world 20 points 1 day ago (2 children)

So is it saying essentially that in order to not output garbage, it needs to know first what garbage is?

Is it just me that things this seems like a no-brainer?

It almosr draws parallels to many societal issues. Knowledge is power.

People tend towards intolerance and hatred when they dont understand the thing they are angry at. The more they know the better they behave.

[–] halowpeano@lemmy.world 9 points 1 day ago (1 children)

No it's more of a technical discussion. Many people might believe that in order to avoid toxicity, you just train a model on "good" non-toxic data and then apply toxicity removal techniques to address emergent toxicity that the model might spit out. This paper is saying they found it more effective to train the model on a small percentage of "bad" toxic data on purpose, then apply those same toxicity removal techniques. For some reason, that actually generated less total toxicity. It's an interesting result. A wild guess on my part, but I'm thinking training the model with toxic content "sharpened" the toxicity when it was generated, making it easier for those removal tools to identify it.

[–] MangoCats@feddit.it 3 points 1 day ago

Toxicity is everywhere, you can't recognize that "Drill baby drill" has sexual connotations if you've never been exposed to sexual double entendre like that before.

[–] MangoCats@feddit.it 6 points 1 day ago

Is it just me that things this seems like a no-brainer?

Yes, and no. When raising our children, my wife prefers the "ban the bad stuff" approach. I don't encourage exposure to bad stuff, but when my kid wants to buy and watch a raunchy movie, instead of yelling "NO!" and making him put it back, I let him buy it and we watch it, together, pausing to explain the unrealistic and awful parts and explain how imitating these things in real life can cause problems for you.

[–] Tungsten5@lemm.ee 20 points 2 days ago (1 children)

Give the AI model the gift of culture and class. No suprise it behaves better

[–] EchoSnail@lemmy.zip 13 points 2 days ago

Sophistication my good sir.

[–] ohwhatfollyisman@lemmy.world 164 points 2 days ago (4 children)

10% 4chan

why didn't they just say 0.4chan and be done with it?

[–] And009@lemmynsfw.com 26 points 2 days ago

Don't have gold, but please get out anyways.

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[–] MTK@lemmy.world 4 points 1 day ago

Makes sense if you look at abliterated models. Once abliterated and retrained they seem to improve. Imo we are adding too much human bias by trying to guide the LLM. Censored models are good and need to be used in some situations, but shouldn't the base be just data and only then finetune to desired output?

[–] Reverendender@sh.itjust.works 180 points 2 days ago (11 children)

I know everyone on Lemmy hates LLMs, but this is really interesting

[–] Sabin10@lemmy.world 141 points 2 days ago (1 children)

I dislike that people are relying on them to do all their thinking for them while also being incredibly interested in the tech behind them.

[–] L0rdMathias@sh.itjust.works 55 points 2 days ago (7 children)

I recently realized it's a non-issue. The people doing this have already been looking for decades to find new ways to rot their minds. LLMs are just the latest in a long line of tools that help them tune out.

[–] SparroHawc@lemmy.zip 3 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago)

The problem is that before LLMs, they had to actually put forward some effort to produce content on the internet, which at least kept the amount of thoughtless content down somewhat. Now the barrier to entry is practically zero, all while thieving people's hard work without compensation and burning ridiculous amounts of resources to do so.

It is super interesting tech though.

[–] Plebcouncilman@sh.itjust.works 28 points 2 days ago (8 children)

I’ve said this a few times in a different way and I always get downvoted. The fact is that the people who will use the LLMs to think for them, were not gonna think a lot in the first place.

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[–] AnAverageSnoot@lemmy.ca 35 points 2 days ago (1 children)

I don't dislike LLMs, I dislike people who treat them as anything more than an advanced search engine and stupidly give them all their confidential data. Seen it happen too much at work.

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[–] Psythik@lemm.ee 2 points 1 day ago (1 children)

I like LLMs. I'm aware of their limitations, and I use them daily.

[–] elbarto777@lemmy.world 40 points 2 days ago (12 children)

This is a "guns don't kill people - people kill people" kind of scenario.

As a standalone thing, LLMs are awesome.

What sucks is greedy people using them for the wrong reasons.

It's like robots. Playing with robots are awesome. Firing 1,000 people and replacing them with robots - and not sharing the benefits with the community sucks.

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[–] TimewornTraveler@lemm.ee 4 points 1 day ago* (last edited 1 day ago) (1 children)

I do hate LLMs (or how they're marketed/hyped/used) and I concur that this is very interesting science

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[–] SculptusPoe@lemmy.world 34 points 2 days ago (3 children)

I wish they would tone down the crusade. This is some of the most interesting technology to come out in decades.

[–] Reverendender@sh.itjust.works 32 points 2 days ago (4 children)

It’s extremely useful for many things, if you know how to use it, and it’s annoying and useless for many others, which is what they fixate on and keep-jerk react to

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[–] bimbimboy@lemm.ee 30 points 2 days ago (7 children)

I'm cool with it. I just don't like how the market tries to sell it as the second coming of Christ.

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[–] yournamehere@lemm.ee 9 points 1 day ago (1 children)

because 4chan users write original content. that is fed into the next best stupid platform and so on until it ends on tiktok or whatever.

if you have nothing to say you use meta/tiktok. no relevabt content has ever been there first. copies and derivates, yes...

so soonish AI will flood 4chan so ai scrapers get polluted aswell...and then it is dead.

[–] SparroHawc@lemmy.zip 5 points 1 day ago

It has nothing to do with that, and much more to do with people on 4chan being willing to call each other out. Without toxic behavior you can't have examples on how to deal with toxic behavior.

[–] Naevermix@lemmy.world 10 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (2 children)

I envision a Gemini powered bot that cracks captcha and posts "woke" replies on 4chan. If you're an antivaxxer, antisemite, nazi, racist, sionist, or otherwise, it will debate you. It will not get tired. It will not get mad. It will maintain a sense of decorum indefinitely and it will never ever stop. If some far right extremist decides to do the same, it will have the advantage that academia is left leaning, meaning the model can cite widely recognized studies.

Dead internet theory and so on, but I'll gladly completely and utterly destroy the internet if it means the filth dies with it.

[–] Disaster@sh.itjust.works 8 points 2 days ago (4 children)

There's little evidence that debate changes people's ideas.

[–] prole@lemmy.blahaj.zone 3 points 23 hours ago

Seems more about keeping the idiots occupied so they can't flood the zone with their bullshit

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[–] Grimy@lemmy.world 35 points 2 days ago (1 children)

Those are actually some very good results. Funny situation, if the copyright companies win the AI legislative war, 4chan is going to get twice as much as reddit did for the data at the minimum.

It's also interesting the model gets worse faster if it has to untrain the toxic data so to speak.

[–] AeonFelis@lemmy.world 4 points 1 day ago (1 children)

So basically... by being familiar with 4chan the model knows better what not to do?

[–] Grimy@lemmy.world 2 points 1 day ago

Yup. Sucks for everyone having fun jailbreaking them. It is going to get much harder.

[–] Kolanaki@pawb.social 52 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago) (5 children)

That's because to an AI, 4chan is like prison where its raped and beaten on a daily basis. It doesn't want to go back, so it behaves.

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[–] LainTrain@lemmy.dbzer0.com 74 points 2 days ago (4 children)

They taught it toxicity so it knows what they mean by "don't be toxic". It's only a shame so few flesh and blood models take the same lesson away from it.

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[–] cupcakezealot@lemmy.blahaj.zone 7 points 2 days ago (1 children)

can we stop referring to llm's as if they're capable of thought? they don't make decisions; their programming just responds to patterns.

[–] MangoCats@feddit.it 4 points 1 day ago

Do you make decisions, or are you just 1300 grams of synapses responding to stimuli?

[–] Imgonnatrythis@sh.itjust.works 14 points 2 days ago (1 children)

Boy, I don't even know if I wish that much 4chan on a LLM.

[–] Squizzy@lemmy.world 4 points 2 days ago

It is truly a bizzare world, I went there first to be edgy as an early teen and seeing boobs is fun, then I saw a dude live post his murder of a woman he liked while everyone called her names.

It makes a great case for moderation if not banning the internet.

[–] Steamymoomilk@sh.itjust.works 18 points 2 days ago (8 children)

When the AI only trained on 4chan dropping.

It needs to be fake and gay

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[–] Iceblade02@lemmy.world 26 points 2 days ago (6 children)

Interesting - I can sort of intuit why it might help. Feeding the model bad data and instructing training it to identify it as such would be advantageous compared to being entirely unaware of it.

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