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But why don't they just ask the mother whether she took any medication or drugs she shouldn't have? Given what happened in the article, the information provided by the mother would probably be more accurate anyway. Routinely not believing women is on brand, though. Again, we're talking about women with absolutely no history of drug abuse. I'd seriously like to know how many women with no prior history of drug abuse start doing drugs just as they are getting pregnant to warrant routine testing.

Another problem with these kinds of tests is that they are not accurate enough. If you test urine samples routinely, the majority of your tests will be false positives. (Example: you test all pregnant women, 1% take drugs, the test is accurate 98% of the time. Congratulations, 2/3 of your tests are false positives.) That's why you only do those tests if you have a suspicion based on other data and not just test everyone.

In the U.S. all healthcare professionals are "mandated reporters." That means, if they find out about any form of child abuse while they're on the job, they're legally required to report it. Failing to do so can result in the loss of their professional license. Doing so is always considered an exception to confidentiality rights.

I suspect the hospital in question has a strict policy about reporting any pregnant mother who tests positive for drugs to CPS as a means of avoiding lawsuits. The problem is really with CPS systems in the U.S. They're supposed to investigate reported instances of abuse and if it turns out there's no cause for concern, close the case in short order; but CPS workers aren't all of equal quality, and in my experience (I work in mental health), there's a real problem with people who were abused as children becoming CPS workers and having a bias towards being overly suspicious of all parents. So, cases sometimes get dragged out, which ironically results in psychological harm to the children the CPS workers are supposed to be protecting.