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Loo and basin are toliet and sink right? Either way "baño" can be a room with or without a bathtub/shower. People understand you based on context and tone. So "Necesito un baño." Could mean either "I need to pee/poo." Or "I need a shower/bath." Depending where and how you say it. Obviously you're not going to ask about taking a shower at a restaurant. Or maybe you are I'm not going to judge but you'll be shown to a room with just a toliet and sink. Tone wise for shower think how you'd say you need a shower after a long hot day doing manual work.

The above is using informal, technically wrong, spanish. Because a shower is "duchar" though practically no one uses that word anymore. Some sentences would be:

• ~~"Me voy a ducharme."~~ "Me voy a duchar" or "Voy a ducharme" = I'm going to take a shower.
• "Estaba duchañdome." = I was taking a shower.
• "Necesito una duche." = I need a shower.

My guess it's easier to use baño for both shower and bath. Plus for people that know English it sounds to much like douche. Much like "Voy a molestar me hermano." is a perfectly fine sentence meaning "I'm going to annoy my brother." But to english ears it sounds to close to "I'm going to molest my brother."

To end on a fun note. You can say "Voy agarrar un baño." Which could be word for word translated as "I'm going to take a bathroom." But of course you're not going to take an entire room from someones house or business. Actual meaning is "I'm going to go take a shower." Still the idea of someone just yoinking an entire room is pretty amusing. At least it is to me.