Bicycling

I'm Finnish and for me the answer is leather and wool, usually.

Going -25c and colder I'd change from my basic leather gloves to larger ones which aren't as good though, but they reach further up the arm and have more filling in them so they're warmer than the basic leather glove and make sure O don't get wind up the arm or hand, but they let in wind more through the glove though, as they're not leather, but the filling makes up for it when the trip is less than an hour.

If you smoke cigarettes or use nicotine, cutting that out will help tremendously with your peripheral circulation, which is what freezes your hands.

My problem has usually been the face. Covering up mostly is easy enough and if it's sunny I can wear shades. But it's not usually sunny in the winter in Finland and I need to see so I had to leave eyes open usually. Which sucks ass when you're driving 35km/h into ice crystals in the air.

But today I finally got myself a pair of driving goggles.

At that kind of weather, wouldn't you need to go like battery operated? I've done a few rides at like 10 degrees F, but my feet always got cold.

I used to live in northern Vermont and bicycle was my only transportation. I live in a more temperate region now, but my partner has Reynaud Syndrome, so the challenges persist. Just not for my hands.

For sub-zero F temps, pogies are the way, although it sounds like they aren't quite working well enough for you. For long rides, I put a chemical handwarmer in each pogie, and that let me run a lighter glove. While wasteful, there are ways to mitigate the consumption of disposables.

For my bike without pogies, I used Pearl Izumi AmFib lobster claws. Those served me well to -28F, which was the lowest temp I saw when I lived there.

The following isn't a gear solution per se, but more of a prophylaxis: hunting reaction training. Our peripheral blood vessels rotate through a set of responses when exposed to cold. That rotation is called "hunting." It's "simple" to retrain our hunting reaction to maintain blood flow to hands and feet when cold. And holy hell, it's unpleasant. The short of it: keep your hands and feet hot while letting the rest of your body get cold. Like serious discomfort levels of cold. Do that for an hour everyday. For me, I noticed improvements in about ten days, and then only need maintenance training every few weeks and again in late Fall. My partner's Reynaud flares dropped to maybe once per winter after ~20 days of training.

The source you want for hunting reaction training is Army Cold Weather Warfare (Research Center?). I'm on mobile and can't find the original paper right meow.

Don't have a solution, just want to say I feel ya! Wisconsin here - below 0 first thing I do when I get in is make coffee and just hold the mug for like 5 minutes

Have you considered electrically heated gloves?

Good luck in your search. Where are you based out of curiosity? Sorry I can’t help, but genuine shoutout to ride in those temps.

I don't really ride in sub-zero temps so this isn't from first hand experience, but I've always been curious about those handlebar muffs. Something like these "handlebar mittens".

It would allow you to use them with your normal riding gloves, while giving you a better tactile feel of your grips and levers. Bonus points for water proofing.

I already don’t have great circulation to my hands

Regardless of what option you end up with, it will do you a lot of good to "pump" your hands often while riding to get warm blood there.

It's also important not to get something that's going to be too tight; let some space in your gloves serve as a buffer.

That said...

Are your pogies simple neoprene, or are they "thermal" and lined for warmth?

And have you tried gloves with glove liners?

Have you tried "thermal work gloves" that are rubberized on the outside (waterproof, and windproof)? Some are rated to -30C, and they are NOT bulky, but you are expected to be moving around with them, and they wouldn't work if you were stationary for long periods of time.

How long are your rides in those temperatures? You might not be able to escape the eventual cold if you are doing it for many hours on end.

No extreme low temperatures here (more like extreme rain!) but I recall a time ago I followed a blog called "Bike retrogrouch" where the dude allegedly cycled on extreme weather sometimes and did some recomendations on his gear.

TIL he mentions Pearl Izumi PRO Softshell Lobster gloves.

http://bikeretrogrouch.blogspot.com/2014/01/cold-weather-cycling.html