Selfhosted
A place to share alternatives to popular online services that can be self-hosted without giving up privacy or locking you into a service you don't control.
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What's the self hosted guide to security when opening up ports to the public ?
Don't. Use a VPN like Tailscale or Wireguard. Tailscale uses the Wireguard protocol but it's very easy to configure, and will automatically set up a peer-to-peer mesh network for you (each node on the VPN can directly reach any other node, without having to route through a central server).
The only things that should be exposed publicly are things that absolutely need to be - for example, parts of Home Assistant need to be publicly exposed if you use the Google Assistant or Alexa integrations, since Google and Amazon need to be able to reach it.
Offtopic, but do you think it's better to use HTTPS for non-public web services that must be accessed through ssh?
I usually use HTTPS, because a lot of web features only work over HTTPS.
You can use Let's Encrypt DNS challenges to get real TLS certificates for internal hosts, instead of having to use your own CA or self-signed certificates.
One thing to note: the NAT traversal doesn't always work especially for symmetric NAT. If you want reliable p2p connections I would setup IPv6
Tailscale has several NAT bypass / hole punching methods for double NAT (including CGNAT) and symmetric NAT, but they don't work in 100% of cases. https://tailscale.com/blog/how-nat-traversal-works
IPv6 is definitely a good solution since then you don't have to deal with NAT at all. IPv6 is pretty easily doable in the USA (at long as you're not using Starlink) but can be harder in other countries that don't have as robust IPv6 infrastructure.
Use tailscale for host nodes, use tailscale docker container in a compose stack with an app that you sidecar to. That way that app is on your tailnet as if it is its own computer. Use tailscale serve for reverse proxying support of the apps. Then, setup a vps node (I use linodes $5 node) with tailscale and configure that to be your DMZ into your tailnet.
For DMZ, use Caddy, UFW, and fail2ban. Also take advantage of ACLs in the Tailscale admin console to only have the VPS able to route traffic to specific apps you want to expose. My current project is to work in Authelia into this setup so a user logs into one exposed app and is able to traverse to other exposed apps through header / token authentication.
Oh also, segment the tailnet using different authentication keys. Each host node should have its own key, all the apps on a host node should have a shared key, and all public facing clients should have a common shared key. That way in case of compromise you can revoke the affected keys without bringing down your network.
Basically not to. Open one for a VPN like Wireguard to accept incoming connections, and that's it. Use the VPN to connect to your home network and access your services that way.
deploy to dmz
filtered by fw
host based isolation
zerotrust
etc
Don't
No need to worry about it if you don't take the risk. The internet is constantly being scanned by bots.